In a firm diplomatic message, Prime Minister Narendra Modi told U.S. President Donald Trump that India has never accepted mediation in its internal or bilateral matters, and never will—especially concerning Pakistan. The two leaders held a 35-minute phone conversation after missing an in-person meeting at the G7 Summit in Canada.
What happened:
Prime Minister Modi, currently en route to Croatia as part of a three-nation visit, spoke to President Trump over the phone on Wednesday. According to Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri, Modi made it clear that:
- There were no discussions on a trade deal or mediation regarding Pakistan during the recent four-day military confrontation.
- The ceasefire with Pakistan happened via existing military channels at Pakistan’s request, not due to third-party intervention.
- Modi reiterated that India has never accepted any mediation on this matter in the past, doesn’t accept it now, and will not in the future.
The phone call was initiated by Trump after their scheduled G7 meeting was cancelled due to scheduling conflicts.
Why it happened:
The conversation followed heightened tensions during Operation Sindoor, India’s military strike that targeted Pakistani air bases, prompting Islamabad to request a ceasefire. Modi also updated Trump on his earlier dialogue with U.S. Vice President J.D. Vance and emphasized India’s zero-tolerance approach to terrorism, stating that terrorism is not a proxy war but a real war for India.
The leaders also touched on Israel-Iran tensions, the Russia-Ukraine war, and Indo-Pacific security.
What’s expected:
- President Trump expressed understanding and support for India’s stance against terrorism.
- Both leaders agreed that Russia and Ukraine should resume direct talks for peace.
- On the Quad alliance, Modi invited Trump to the next summit in India—a proposal Trump accepted, saying he’s keen to visit.
The call concluded with both leaders agreeing to meet in person soon, reinforcing the steady trajectory of India–US strategic ties amidst a turbulent global landscape.
Universe’s ‘Missing’ Matter Found After Decades of Mystery
Astronomers have finally cracked one of cosmology’s biggest puzzles: where is half the universe’s ordinary matter hiding? Turns out, it was right there all along—thinly scattered across the cosmic wilderness, between galaxies, hiding in plain sight.
What happened:
- Using powerful Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs)—short, energetic blasts of radio waves from deep space—scientists traced and located the “missing” ordinary matter in the universe.
- These radio waves, traveling up to 9.1 billion light-years, helped researchers detect how much matter was in their path by analyzing how the waves dispersed across space.
- The breakthrough was achieved by observing 69 FRBs, with 39 detected through Caltech’s Deep Synoptic Array, a network of 110 telescopes in California.
Why it matters:
For years, scientists knew only half of all ordinary matter—the stuff that makes up stars, planets, people—was accounted for. The other half? A cosmic no-show.
This missing matter is made of baryons (protons and neutrons), and though its existence was predicted, it remained unseen.
Researchers now confirm that:
- 76% of ordinary matter exists as diffuse gas in intergalactic space.
- 15% resides in the halos around galaxies.
- Just 9% is concentrated within galaxies (in stars, planets, and gas).
Why it was missing:
- Violent space events—like supernovas and burping black holes—eject matter far from galaxies into intergalactic space.
- This matter forms a plasma, with separated protons and electrons, making it incredibly difficult to detect by traditional means.
What’s next:
Now that ordinary matter is mapped out, scientists can focus on even deeper cosmic questions, including:
- The true nature of dark matter—the mysterious substance making up 85% of all matter.
- Why ordinary matter behaves so differently from dark matter.
“We knew what it was, just not where it was,” said lead author Liam Connor of Harvard University. “Now we know. The next big mystery? What is dark matter?”
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